Crocs

Crocs began marketing its shoes at a November 2002 boat show. Crocs were originally intended to be sold to boaters, because of their slip proof, non-marking sole and the fact that they are waterproof and odor resistant. However, this market soon expanded to include gardeners, healthcare workers, waiters, and other professionals who had to be on their feet all day. This market began to encompass markets Crocs had never considered.Over the course of a year what had started out as simply an idea on a sailing trip evolved into one of the greatest footwear phenomena of the decade. Products and Target Market Crocs currently targets multiple market segments ranging from boaters to gardeners to simply individuals wanting a comfortable pair of sandals. However, the firm's initial target market was boaters. Crocs' initial foray into the market was an effort to provide a comfortable pair of nonslip boating shoes to a niche market.This target market soon expanded to others who would pay a premiu m price for comfort. Nurses, retail store clerks, and others who spent most of the day on their feet quickly recognized the value proposition Crocs offered: while expensive, these individuals were willing to pay a premium to avoid the discomfort of traditional shoes. Today, Crocs targets an even wider swath of the market. Crocs' product category advertisements state that Crocs are for â€Å"women, men, kid, sports, and everyone. To further broaden their market, Crocs advertises that among these segments, customer will find its products to be comfortable â€Å"on the beach, around the house, in the rain, in cold weather, off the road, for walks in town, â€Å"and even something that will â€Å"look good in the office. † Crocs has kept its original characteristics of light-weight, non-slip, brightly colored product lines while created additional styles to accommodate the needs of different consumers. Crocs also offers apparel products such as t-shirts, shorts and even women' s leggings.

Accident Rates

More than 60 per cent of road accidents that occur between 10 p. M. And 6 a. M. Are because of drunken driving. A death occurs every 4 minutes on Indian Roads. According to Decca Chronicle, Karakas ranks 3rd in the list of Top 5 states with highest road accidents. More than 60% of road accidents occur because of drunken driving. Decca Chronicle – Karakas ranks 3rd- Top states with highest roads accidents Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, You as you know are traffic policemen (and women) and we are your senior police officials.Today we are here to discuss an issue of grave importance to each one of us – A new Promotion Policy. Here is an eye opener for the entire Bangers traffic police force. And we hope this sensitizes each one of us to the bigger picture. A death occurs every 4 minutes on Indian Roads. Highest road accidents. In the last three years, we have booked around 35 lake cases for various traffic violations such as reckless driving, drunken driving, over sp eeding, driving without license, driving on no-entry roads, Jumping signals and haphazard 10 p. M. And 6 a. M. E because of drunken driving. As you can see in the Table, the Total no. Of Reported road accidents in Bangers has gone down considerably and yet, Vainglorious do not feel safe on the road. During my interactions with a few of you, I got the sense that beyond the minimum required no. Of cases to be booked every month, very few of you take the initiative of booking additional road offenses. We have been facing a lot of criticism from a leading newspaper that claims that 30% of road offenses go unreported. We realized that this is the main reason behind the facts as they hold.And so, to reward those of you who do your Job diligently, (and I am sure most of you already belong to that bracket), we have devised a new policy. We will follow a quarterly appraisal policy wherein each quarter, the 3 officers who book the maximum number of cases will be awarded a Badge of Honor. This badge will signify your commitment to duty, pride and honor towards your department, city and people and education to work. In addition to this, these three people will also be a part of an exclusive Topper's Club which we hope will keep growing every quarter.This club will provide you the opportunity to interact with high achievers from the entire country during the Bi Annual National Meetings and let your family reap benefits for your hard work in the form of fully sponsored family vacations. And finally, at the time of promotions the most hard working of you all will be preferred. The no. Of badges each of you has will stand testimony to this fact. The one with the highest no. Of badges will be promoted as and when the vacancies arise. And now, I'd like you to have a look at this:

Personal development record Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Personal development record - Coursework Example environment issues incorporated in the module presented not only the responsibilities of an engineer but that the profession has great influence in several areas in the society. The site visit and guest talk added value and made the profession a real life experience. The aims and objectives of the module were well presented in the consecutive lectures. All lectures were relevant to the module towards molding of civil engineers. Lack of procurement case studies that assist in critical thinking of real life situations made the lecture slightly difficult to understand. Some lectures presented in power point slides like the Guest lecture required that they be availed to students with more emphasis on assignments to aid student be critical thinkers. The learning approaches used in the module were classroom lectures, guest talk, site visit, and group discussions. The classroom lectures were vivid and relevant to the topics of study. Through the guest talk and site visit, issues of concern in construction practice were well understood. Acquiring professional accreditation from engineering bodies such as The Institution of Structural Engineers, The Institution of Highway & Transportation, ICE, and Joint Board of Moderators among others at no cost. Professional attributes cover engineering knowledge, application, management and leadership, independent judgement, commercial ability, health safety and welfare and sustainable development. The module was well presented although interfered with reticence of individuals. At the same time, research and writing of own notes makes one get a better understanding of the subject. A career talk can be organized for the future classes, conducted with professional engineers from engineering institutions and companies. This will motivate the learner to have vision for the career. Visits incorporated in the module enhances better understanding of the module The lecture enabled me learn that a procurement route is a way of making sure

Training Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Training Project - Assignment Example n resource managers, leader leaders and departmental heads due to their day-to-day interactions with employees and their roles in job design and job allocation in the organization. The program is tailored to meet the needs of employees in establishing work/life boundary and considers various aspects of work and personal life that contribute to physical and social well-being of an individual. The program caters for both the organizational needs and individual needs of each employee. By the end of the training program, the managers and team leaders should understand how to create a work/life boundary, how to help their employees in time management and stress reduction strategies. The participants should acknowledge the importance of work/life boundary in improving organizational productivity and increasing employee retention. The participants should be capable of designing a work/life boundary training program for their subordinates. The training program will enable both lectures and case study analysis. The training will entail one-hour lecturers everyday for a period of five days. The lecturers will be conducted inside the company premises. The costs associated with poor work/life boundary are high for both the company and the employees. The program is designed to enable managers know how to help their employees on different aspects of work/life boundary such as improving time management, eliminating burnout, reframing stress, improving health and wellness, and attainment of personal

Human Resources Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Human Resources Management - Research Paper Example Then by knowing who needs the training, there is a significant assessment of the need of the participants of the training (p.181). By finding their prevailing potential or capacity, the actual design for training would be remarkably considered based on each of their actual and individual needs. In addition, by finding what subjects should the training cover is another important way on how to assess the need for training (p.181). In order for the entire training to be effective, it is appropriate to only include subjects that are essentials or highly needed. There are three categories of training methods that are widely used in human resource management which include presentation methods, hands-on methods, and group-building methods (p.189). Presentation methods are designed to be more educational for the purpose of acquiring substantial facts, ideas or information which could be obtained from lectures, DVDs and other relevant presentations. The good thing about these training methods is that individuals could personally learn from various forms of presentations different from hands-on and group building methods. For hands-on methods, the goal is to expose the participants or individuals to actual training programs such as role playing, simulations and on-the-job trainings. The difference found in these methods compared with the presentation methods is the occurrence of actual immersion in which there is a need to facilitate learning through concrete training activities so as to help enhance skills for instance. There are also actual ac tivities involved in group-building methods, but these are most likely about enhancing group or team’s participation, to establish performance of the entire group or team. How to evaluate the success of a training program is another important consideration in the human resource management. Before anything else, it is important to include the idea that the associated goals of the training program should be

Confucius ( type of essay is for Literature) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Confucius ( type of is for Literature) - Essay Example This also coincides with showing actual change and not merely claiming. To talk is one thing but be that change that you are aiming for is another. Actions always speak louder than words. I have come to realize that people are more akin to trusting you if they see that you are working. When one has the gift of gab, people are immediately drawn to him. But sooner or later if words are not accompanied with actions then they will see right through you. Contemplation is imperative in everything that we do. â€Å"When one cultivates to the utmost the principles of his nature, and exercises them on the principle of reciprocity, he is not far from the path. What you do not like when done to yourself, do not do to others† (Confucius, The Doctrine of the Mean, par. 29). This is no less than the golden rule. There is no doubt that this proves true in our lives. The penchant for empathy is an integral human nature that must not be dispensed with. I do not steal because I do not want to be stolen from. I know how valuable possession is for a person as I especially value my own. Even for things as simple as getting in line this is true. We all have been victims of others who have no regard and cut through a line which is why I do not do the same. â€Å"It never has been the case that what was of great importance has been slightly cared for, and, at the same time, that what was of slight importance has been greatly cared for† (Confucius, The Great Learning, par. 7). If you truly value one thing then you will pay much attention to nurture it. The same reins true for our endeavors. At the moment, the most important part of my life is my studies. I work hard to attend to all of my subjects so that I will not receive a failing grade. Although there are times that I falter, I am not easily deterred and I continue on. Because I know that this will be something of great importance

Sicail Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sicail Media - Essay Example Easily accessible information help in the management of disasters because it alerts citizens of an impending disaster even in remote regions; hence, warn them (Foundation, 2014). For example, locals of predictable tsunami zones can access the information not only from the media houses, but also through diversified sources including the internet. Easily obtainable information is prone to theft. For example, a person may use information from other sources to benefit from it by claiming to be the publisher or editor. Management of easily accessible information is compromised by the fact that classified information cannot be passed on safely, which further give rise to the insecure nature of such information (Ugah, 2008). Immorality is mildly spread by easily accessible information because everyone can access depraved information including the under age (Schleifer, 2014). Remarkably, easily accessible information may mislead the audience because such sources are always attributed to inaccuracy of the facts surrounding an issue (Monahan, 2010). Additionally, easy information accessibility poses a huge threat to the online banking services because of possible cybercrimes leading to massive loss of money. Social media forms an important aspect of communication because it enable easy and readily available medium of communication among individuals. Additionally, it provides a forum where an individual can inform his/her family members as well as friends through mass messages on upcoming events such as weddings (Stokes, 2003). Social media forms a virtue-meeting platform where individuals from various corners of the world can share ideas. Social media platforms such as Linked In have become a valuable business tool where individuals’ stands a chance to secure a job from top managers in various companies through endorsements. Furthermore, companies leap the e of social media for effective promotion and advertisement of their products (nibusinessinfo.co.uk,

Are energy drinks safe' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are energy drinks safe' - Essay Example III. Credibility (Speaker’s qualifications/expertise): after researching about this subject I have come to agree with the view that energy drinks are not safe because it contains too much caffeine, very expensive, and it has side effects. IV. Thesis (Transitional Preview): from the discussion with the audience many of you oppose the information I tried to provide, but I am requesting that you listen with open mind while we discuss the problems associated with energy drinks and how the drinks affects the human body. A. Food and drug administration report shows that in 2012 there were 40 cases of illness and 6 deaths resulting from monster energy alone and 15 illness and 5 lasting disabilities resulted from Rockstar Energy (Lee 2012). These reports are provided by patients, families and doctors, but they do not prove that the drinks cause the death but they believe that the death was caused by the drinks. Transition: having looked at the general problems associated with energy drinks; let us now go to the specific points that make energy drinks dangerous. These points are too much caffeine, more expensive than other drinks, and its side effects, I will start with too much caffeine (Lee 2012). C. Caffeine gives a quick boost and that is why many people take before exercise, but this is dangerous because exercise increases the heartbeat hence stimulations from caffeine can trigger hearth attack or stroke. E. Caffeine causes Adrenal Fatigue; this is a situation in which the body becomes tired after the consumption of caffeine. This will occur because the body adrenalin system will become overtaxed by continuous intake of caffeine. This will weaken the immune function of the body. F. They have negative effects on diabetes. It has been found that caffeine has the capability of decreasing the insulin sensitivity and makes it hard for people who are suffering from diabetes to control blood sugar in the

Entertainment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Entertainment Law - Essay Example The advantages of this form of business would be that this business form is easy to establish and there are no legalities involved in setting up. Once the business is set up Vick can start trading as early as possible. An overwhelming advantage of being a sole trader is that one is not required to answer to anyone as they are the sole owners. Decisions regarding the company can be made quickly and efficiently. However, being a sole trader can have a number of disadvantages such as a lack of collective minds. The owner may not have sufficient experience or knowledge to run the business and perhaps being in a partnership would help him. Being a single owner of a business can greatly affect the social life of a person as a holiday would mean a closed office. Economies of scale are also difficult to achieve and cost of production is comparatively high. If Vick decides to go into a partnership he will have to invest less capital into the starting of the business but as such the profits from the business will also have to be shared equally amongst the partners. The variety in terms of minds in the ownership will help to enhance the business through the integration of qualities from all partners. Work can be shared and so can be the liabilities of the business. If the business does incur debt in a partnership there are fewer chances of personal assets being sold off. Once again this business form has downsides of which the first would be the lack of freedom in decision making. Contracts are also required to maintain legal constraints on the business and the profit division terms need to be defined. And if one partner wishes to either retire from the business or expires the partnership is defunct. As far as a public limited company is concerned, it will allow shareholders to have limited liability in the business and raising capital is easier as an additional issuance of debenture and

A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling in Corwin Outline

A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling in Corwin Corporation - Outline Example 8. Lack of team unity: The supervisors demonstrated weak leadership by abandoning members of their team and engaged in a blame-game which led to conflict amongst the team, thereby negatively affecting project outcomes.8. Lack of team unity: The supervisors demonstrated weak leadership by abandoning members of their team and engaged in a blame-game which led to conflict amongst the team, thereby negatively affecting project outcomes.9. Unskilled employees: The lack of skilled participants for the project jeopardized the quality of decisions made (in this case the faulty decision of accepting the project by violating cost margins in support of the client).2. Poor external communication: Internal stakeholders were not taken into confidence along with no clear guidelines as to who has authority for the project led to conflicts, confusion and lack of unanimous direction.3. Weaknesses in corporate culture: As per Corwin’s culture, employees did not feel the need to alert their super iors in case of critical data which led to ignorance of underlying problems and ultimate failure.1. Delayed engagement of line managers in the process: Corwin’s line managers were unable to provide their inputs during the proposal that could have influenced it and could have given a clearer picture beforehand.2. Poor procurement decision: Corwin’s decision to procure raw materials before the contract was signed which exposed the company to financial risk in case anything went wrong prior to the contract signing.3. Poorly planned change management process: Testing process was continuously altered which led to inconsistent results and increased costs for Corwin.

Sony Walkman Essay Example for Free

Sony Walkman Essay Sony is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It ranked 73 on the 2011 list of Fortune Global 500. Sony is one of the leading manufacturers of electronics products for the consumer and professional markets. Walkman is a Sony brand trade name originally used for portable audio cassette players, and now used to market Sony’s portable audio players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phone. The original walkman introduces a changed in music listening habits by allowing people to carry music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphone. The device was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony chairman Akio Morita, who wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent tans pacific plane trips. The original walkman was marketed in 1979 as the walkman in Japan. Then other countries including the US were attracted by walkman. In the United States, the retail list prices of the walkman models I and ii are about $100 and $180. Sony sold in a variety of retail outlets, because they realize that competitors will come soon so they try to get market as much as possible. And competitive products with a range of feature are sold in essentially the same retail outlets at list prices ranging from $75 to $250. There are many competitors entry the market because the market has low barriers to entry with low cost. But Sony has advantages of the business. Sony has its famous brand name and he is the early bird of the market, what they need do is to emphasis the market.

Energy Needs Essay Example for Free

Energy Needs Essay Fracking or hydraulic fracturing is a method used to extract valuable gasses from rock formations in the earth. Some of these gasses include shale gas, tight gas and petroleum. In South Africa fracking is used to extract shale gas in the Karoo. Shale gas is a natural gas that forms when air is captured in rock formations under the ground. It is one of the main reasons why hydraulic fracturing is used. Shale gas is used especially in America. In 2000 shale gas made out one percent of America’s energy producers but in 2010 it replaced over 20% of America’s natural gas resources. There was claimed by experts that South Africa has the fifth biggest shale gas resources in the world while China has the biggest. There is hoped that this gas could be an alternative resource of energy for South Africa’s growing need. That is why the eighteen-month moratorium for the use of fracking, to extract shale gas, was lifted. Even though this could be a great opportunity for our country the damage caused to our environment would be far greater than the little energy it would produce. When fracking is used to extract this gas, water, harmful chemicals and sand is pumped into the fractures of the rock formation. Manmade machines mostly make these fractures that drill holes into the rocks over three thousand meters deep. When this mixture of the water, sand and chemicals reach the shale rock formations hidroxide gasses are released inside the rock. These gases are than captured and used for the generation of electricity. No one can say that fracking does not have a huge impact on the natural environment. Unluckily I am not too sure that it is a positive impact. The chemicals and toxins used in fracking are released into the scarce  underground water of the Karoo, making the water polluted and unusable. Harmful emissions are also released into the air when extracted causing a greenhouse effect on the environment. A study shows that 3,6 to 7,9% methane is released into the atmosphere after fracking has taken place. Even the use of shale gas causes air pollution. The fact that fracking causes allot of pollution cannot be missed. It was even banned in France because of all the pollution it would have made. Because of the negative effect of pollution on the environment, in this case air and water pollution, I can’t understand why such a thing was allowed. For me as part of a new generation it is more important to use clean alternative energy rather than to use short-term solutions with financial benefit just to cause the earth to decline faster.

Compare and Contrast the Development of B and T Cells

Compare and Contrast the Development of B and T Cells The epithelial surfaces of the body serve as an effective barrier against most microorganisms, and they are rapidly repaired if wounded. Adaptive immunity is initiated when an innate immune response fails to eliminate a new infection, whereby an activated antigen presenting cells (APCs) bearing pathogens antigens are delivered to the draining lymphoid tissues. An adaptive immune response differs from the innate immunity in its ability to target structures that are specific to particular strains and variants of pathogen. T cells are produced in the bone marrow. They are transported still, as pro-thymocytes to the thymus where they undergo the process of maturation and selection. The regulation of T cell maturation in the thymus is termed central tolerance. During gestation, most T cells generated bear the gamma/deta T cell receptor (TcR) on their surface. In the adult, most T cells bear the alpha/beta TcR. The newly formed TcR then, has to be tested for recognition of self-MHC/peptide. The T cells are tested at a stage of development known as double positive, meaning that they bear both CD4 and CD8 receptors on their surface. Cells with TcRs that recognize self-MHC/peptide with very low affinity will die. This process is known as death by neglect. Cells with TcRs with medium affinity for MHC receive survival signals and undergo a process known as positive selection. Finally, cells which receive a high affinity signal via their TcR die by apoptosis, a process known as negative selection. Cells that in teract with MHC class I become CD8 positive T cell, and those that interact with MHC class II become CD4 positive T cells, before migrating out into the peripheral lymphoid system (Wood P, 2006). Mature B cells, like T cell, are also develop form pluripotent stem cells. However unlike T cells lymphocytes, B cell maturation occurs in the bone marrow. There are four different stages of B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, immature B, and mature B cells. During its development, B cells acquire B cell surface marker expression such as B220, CD19, CD20, etc. as well as antigen receptors. The stromal cells lining the bone marrow provide essential growth signals to developing B cells, including cytokines such as IL7 and cell to cell contact, via VLA4/VCAM and Kit/SCF. During B cell development, gene segment rearrangements take place, just like in T cells where TcR rearrangements (central tolerance) also occur. However, for B cells, the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus (variable-V, joining-J and diversity-D segments), situated on chromosome 14, rearranges. In haematopoietic stem cells, the Ig heavy chain genes are in germline configuration (Kurosaki T et al., 2009). As B cells deve lop to pro-B cells, a D-J recombination is the first gene rearrangement to take place. The intervening DNA is normally deleted from the chromosome as a circle. Gene rearrangements are mediated by recombinase activitng genes, RAG proteins. As the developing B cell proceeds from pro- to pre-B cell stage, a V-DJ gene arrangement takes place to form the VDJ coding block that encodes the variable domain on the antibody heavy chain. Gene rearrangement takes place on both copies of chromosome 14 in a developing B cell, but once a productive VDJ block has been assembled on one chromosome 14, rearrangement ceases on the other chromosome, ensuring only one type of Ig is produced by any single B cell. This process is known as allelic exclusion. If a developing B cell fails to make a productive VDJ block, it will fail to produce antibody heavy chain and die in the bone marrow (Murphy K et al, 2008). T and B cell activation: T cell activation takes place in draining lymph nodes (also spleen) close to site of infection. T cell recognizes antigen on MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules becomes activated and differentiates to effector cells. Effector T cells migrate to site of infection and carry out effector functions. The T lymphocytes arrive through venules, and cross through the endothelial to the lymph nodes. Antigen presenting cells such (APC) such as dendritic cells, and macrophages presented antigens to T cells. On recognition of the antigen, a low affinity interaction is formed. These T cells then leave lymph node though the lymphatic system. Those T cells that recognize the antigens wall with high affinity will be retained and the process of proliferation and differentiation occurs. However, initial B cell activation takes place in T cell zone of secondary lymphatic tissues (i.e. in lyhmph nodes). Mostly IgM producing plasma cells are produced at this state. B cells, unlike T cells, ar e activated by the ineraction with antigen-specific T cell, by linked recognition. Antigen-activated B cell migrates to B cell area of lymph nodes to form organized germinal centres, where additional B cell differentiation processes take place. It is important to note that T cells recognize the peptide, while B cells recognize the coat protein. For T and B lymphocyte activation 2 signals are hypothesized to be required. Firstly, the antigen stimulus signal and secondly, the co-stimulatory stimulus. The absence of the second signal results in anergy or apoptosis. CD28/B7 interaction is the co-stimulatory signals for T cells while CD40/CD40 ligand, on the activated T cells, interaction is for B cells. For both T and B lymphocytes, in it resting G0 cell cycle, the cell appear to have a large nucleus, with little cytoplasm and show little evidence of organelles. However, when these cells enter G1/S/G2 cell cycle, cell shows an increase in cell size, chromatin de-condensation is seen. Cell division occurs rapidly, generating effector cells of either T or B lymphocytes. Effector T cells include Th1, Th2 and T regulatory, as well as T cytotoxic cell and memory T cells. On the other hand, effector B cells include plasma cell and memory B cell. T and B cell effector functions: B cell response to T-dependent protein antigen results in germinal centres formation in B cell areas of lymph nodes, and specialized processes such as Ig class-switching, somatic mutation and affinity maturation, memory B cell and plasma cell generation take place there. Emerging form germinal centres are somatically mutated and class-switched B cells, which no longer just produce IgM. Memory B cells are long-lived, resting and re-circulating cells, responsible for immunization part which helpto generate rapid and vigorous immune response on second encounter for that specific antigen. Plamablast cells migrate to other sites such as bone marrow, and become plasma cells, producing large amounts of secreted antibody. Some of which can live for long periods. The effector functions of B cells refer to what antibodies do after their contact with the antigen. The antibody effector functions include neutralization, complement fixation (IgM, IgG1/2/3), oposonization and antibody dependent cel l-mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast, T cell effector functions differ significantly from B cell effector functions. Antigen presenting cells present peptide via MHC which can either interact with CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Helper T cells are defined by the cytokines they produce. Naà ¯ve CD4+ T cells (Th0), on interaction with APC, can differentiate to Th1 or Th2 cells, depending on the cytokine environment. Th1 cells co-ordinate inflammatory immune responses to intracellular pathogens while Th2 cells help B cells to make antibodies required for immune responses to extracellular pathogens, this is known as humoral immunity. Th1 and Th2 cells both act to promote the generation of more leukocytes. Besides Th0/Th1/Th2, other CD4+ T cell subsets exist (Zhu J et al., 2010). Resting T cells can differentiate into activated helper T cell, as well as activated cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ T cell). Initially, CD8+ T cells interact with potential target cells via low affinity/non-specific interactions between adhesion molecule s on the T cell (LFA-1 and CD2) and the target cell (ICAM1, ICAM2). This interaction has no effect on the cytoskeleton of the T cell and is a transient interaction unless recognition of specific peptide:MHC complexes occurs. If peptide:MHC I complex is present, the affinity of the adhesion molecule interaction increases and there is clustering of T cell receptor and associated molecules at the point of contact with the target cell forming the immunological synapse. This also signals for cytoskeletal rearrangements organized by the microtubule organizing complex which focuses the cytotoxic granules of the T cell at the point of contact with the target. Notice here, that T cells, unlike B cells do not produce antibodies against antigens. Granules containing perforin and other enzymes including granzymes are released and induce the activation of the cathepsin pathways in the target cell leading to apoptosis. CD8+ T cells can also kill target cells via the Fas/FasL pathway which also in duces apoptosis (Peter EJ 2007). In conclusion, adaptive immune responses occur when individual lymphocytes capable of responding to antigen proliferate and differentiate to become an antigen-specific effector cells and memory cells. The process of lymphocyte cell cycle progression, proliferation and differentiation in response to antigen and stimuli is known as lymphocyte activation. B cell activation is initiated by the ligation of the B cell receptor (BCR) with antigen and ultimately results in the production of protective antibodies against potentially pathogenic invaders. While naive or memory T cells encounter foreign antigen along with proper co-stimulation they undergo rapid and extensive clonal expansion. In human, this type of proliferation is fairly unique to cells of the adaptive immune system and requires a considerable expenditure of energy and cellular resources.

Elvis Presley Essay -- essays research papers

ELVIS PRESLEY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well a hard headed woman† Elvis Presley sang into the mike as he wildly strummed his guitar. Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8th,,1935 in Tupelo, Mississippi. His parents, Vernon and Gladys were poor farmers who had strong religious backgrounds. They raised Elvis in Tupelo where he learned how to sing and developed his guitar playing skills. Elvis did not have many friends growing up as a kid. His best friend was his guitar, which he picked up at age 11. When Elvis turned 13, his parents moved him to Memphis, Tennessee, where he attended Humes High School until 1953. Music was not Elvis’s first job. During his teens he worked as an usher and a truck driver. Elvis was driving down the road in his truck one day when he saw a sign that said RECORD MUSIC-FOUR SONGS FOR TWO DOLLARS. Elvis decided that he should see where he could take this opportunity. He went into the studio and recorded two songs for his mother. Elvis enjoyed recording and singing and began to send his tapes to managers. One manager, Colonel Tom Parker, enjoyed the sound of Elvis’s voice and decided to take on the young singer. Elvis kept recording and recording and sending and sending until finally he recorded two hits, â€Å"That’s All Right Mama† and â€Å"Blue Moon of Kentucky.† A sensation was born. In 1956 Elvis recorded â€Å"Heartbreak Hotel†, his first number one hit. The hits began to come in the dozens. â€Å"Hound d og†, â€Å"Don’t Be C...

Essay on Disguised Men and Transformed Women in Taming of the Shrew

Disguised Men and Transformed Women in The Taming of the Shrew      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A recurrent theme in Shakespeare's plays is the idea that things are not always what they seem. The Taming of the Shrew provides a good example of this theme.   In this play we find many discrepancies between what seems to be and what is. We can find these incongruities at many levels as we analyze the three main plot lines of the play: The Induction, The Wooing of Bianca and The Taming of Katherina. Each of these subplots is based on earlier works of literature or folk tradition. Shakespeare is not alone in his choice of "false supposes" as a theme.   According to The Shakespeare Handbook,   Shakespeare adopts the entire narrative [for the Bianca story] complete with some stock characters and some pieces of staging, from George Gasciogne's play Supposes   (1566) a prose version of Aristo's   I Suppositi which is in turn a recycling of one of the standard plots of New Roman comedy as written by Plautus and Terence." (Fox, 97)    Each of Shakespeare's three story lines in the Taming of the Shrew contains examples of both people who pretend to be what they are not and those who become what they were not.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Induction for this play we meet Christophero Sly, a common tinker who is course and rough in both his language and behavior.   His pedestrian station is codified in the usual Shakespearean way: he speaks in prose   (Barron's Book Notes on the World Wide Web).*  Ã‚   When he falls asleep, he is tricked into believing he is lord of the manor. As he starts to believe the trickery, he begins to change and becomes like that which he is "supposed" to be.   At the moment of his realization he even begins to speak in verse, ... ...s kicking and screaming child and starts kicking and screaming right along side him.   While onlookers might find this bizarre, it gets the child's attention and reveals to him just how foolish his own actions are.   By his actions then, the parent wins the child into a more reasonable attitude and behavior.    Works Cited Barton, Ann.   "The Taming of the Shrew." The Riverside Shakespeare 2nd ed. Ed. Dean Johnson et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997.   138-141. Daniel, David. "Shakespeare and the Traditions of Comedy." The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare Studies.   Ed. Stanley Wells. Cambridge:   Cambridge UP, 1987. Fox, Levi, ed.   The Shakespeare Handbook. Boston:   G.K. Hall & Co., 1987. Shakespeare, William. "The Taming of the Shrew." The Riverside Shakespeare 2nd ed. Ed. Dean Johnson et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997.   142-171.      

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey: Penelopes Enduring Faithfulness :: Odyssey essays

Penelope's Enduring Faithfulness in Homer's Odyssey Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, can be contrasted in various ways to the other characters in Homer's poem The Odyssey. In many ways, Penelope embodies the "ideal" woman, in that she conforms to the values and ideals of her society. These ideals include faithfulness, loyalty, willpower, long-suffering, pride in one's home and family, and hospitality to strangers. The majority of the other characters in the poem lack one or more of these attributes. Although Odysseus proves to be a character of strong will and determination throughout the Trojan War and the trials he endured at sea, he demonstrates weakness and wavering resolve when he is faced with sexual temptation. For example, when enticed by Circe to "mingle and make love," Odysseus submits to her appeals and enters her "flawless bed of love," thus committing adultery against his wife Penelope (Book X). When Circe tells Odysseus to remain with her, he "could not help consenting." Odysseus remains with Circe and continues to be unfaithful to Penelope for the duration of a year. It is only after hearing the appeals of his men that Odysseus decides to head back out to sea. Later, Odysseus has another adulterous relationship with the nymph Kalypso. This relationship endures for seven years. Throughout his stay on Kalypso's island, Odysseus weeps for Penelope, yet he continues to lie with Kalypso every night (Book V). In contrast, Penelope exemplifies tremendous will power and resourcefulness in that she remains faithful to Odysseus throughout his exile. While awaiting her husband's return, Penelope endures perpetual insolence and sexual advances from the suitors who invade her household. Penelope rebuffs the advances of the suitors and remains a devoted and faithful wife. Deferring the suitors is no easy task; therefore Penelope is very resourceful and goes to great lengths to postpone marriage to one of them. She puts the men off for three years by promising to marry one of them upon her completion of a burial shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes. In order to delay the completion of the shroud, she unravels her work every night (Book II, p. 223). Penelope also privately sends promises to each of the suitors in order to divide them so that they will not unanimously demand a decision from her as to which one she

American Civil War and United Fruit Company Essay

In, â€Å"Testimony: Death of a Guatemalan Village,† Victor Montejo describes events surrounding the military regimes occurring throughout Guatemala. The book itself is an eyewitness account detailing one instance of violence between the indigenous peoples village’s â€Å"civil patrol† and the army. This occurrence leads to the execution and imprisonment of many villagers. Even though the book is mainly a testimony by one person, in which he discusses the personal conflicts and struggle between himself and the army, the account is structured around the Guatemalan civil war and the conflict between the government and civilians. The Guatemalan Civil War occurred between the years 1960 to 1996. It was a battle between the government of Guatemala and the numerous leftist rebel groups who were supported by the Mayan indigenous, poor, and working class. This civil war began as the many poor realized that their government had little concern for them, as the elites in the country owned most of the land. Much of the land was also owned by multinational corporations, such as the U. S. wned â€Å"United Fruit Company† in the 1940s and 50s. The result of this unequal land ownership, which also contributed to an unbalanced distribution of wealth, led to an oppressed population living in extreme poverty. These local hardships were ultimately the driving force behind the rebellious leftist groups As military leaders began to have control of the government by the 1960’s and through the 1970s, physical violence became a method used to overthrow political opposition. As other countries in Latin America had their own revolutions; Guatemalan citizens looked to them as a source of inspiration for their attempts to take control of their country. The example of Cuba became a stepping stone and a clear example for Guatemala as Fidel Castro was successful throughout the Cuban Revolution in Cuba and was able to overthrow the Batista family. Other examples included the Sandinista guerilla movement who successfully completed a revolution in Nicaragua in 1979, and in El Salvador where the FMLN guerillas also appeared to be having similar results. However, these regimes are appealing at first, but after having them continue for long periods, much conflict ensued which contributed to much loss for the poor rebels and their fight for sovereignty. Looking at Montejo’s testimony, Maria Lupe’s testimony, and the cold war in Guatemala; we will examine how these violent regimes appeared to the civilians, their effects on society, and their connection to the civil war. Victor Montejo describes several political instances that have led to the people’s desire for a revolt against the acting government. He mentions that former president Lucas Garcia left many things â€Å"undone;† though not much information is given for background information of Garcia, we can conclude that he was responsible for the growth of the military’s power and an initial cause for the dissent of the poor. He also mentions Garcia’s successor, president Efrain Rios Montt and his lack on taking the government out of the hand of the military. Montejo states â€Å"no president would be able to control the situation because the military were the ones in charge. Later on Montejo reveals that under Lucas Garcia’s administration’s military; â€Å"paramilitary, police, and priests, were kidnapped, tortured, and killed; or rather anyone who had influence in the town who spoke out against the government. † As the government paved ways to try to economically stabilize the state, many of its poor suffered, and regimes occurred to support the poor, leading many to suspect communistic or socialist identities, and a desire for government change. With the military being in control, with help and support coming from the U.  S. , the army was used to stamp out the leftist guerrillas who were pushing for a new government that would support the people. Looking at Montejo’s testimony, we see the creations of civil patrols, a group of men designated by the military government to protect their town from the guerillas. However, some of these patrolmen were thought to also secretly support the guerrillas and under a confused set of operations, attacked the army and; according to Montejo’s testimony, many villagers were killed. The army also rob and burn down parts of the village. In one case, a young man who was part of the patrols is shot and as he laid dying, reveals that the uniform worn (in that particular day) by the army was similar to the ones the guerrillas would wear, except that the guerrillas didn’t cause any harm as they walk through the village. This has a lot to say about how the civilians saw the government’s military, and how they saw their repressive state; being something they had to do without question due to fear. Taking a look at the testimony alone, we can also see how society was effected. Out of Montejo’s brief background detailing the ailures of the presidents and the absolute repression faced by the civilians, we can conclude that the governments force to keep the guerillas unsuccessful was limited and pushed society into rebellions. In other words, as the army continued to torture and persecute the innocent, many found it necessary to fall into the hands of the guerrillas in order to stamp out their oppression. Maria Lupe’s account is similar to Montejos. She describes her hardships as a house wife, working on a plantation of a rich land owner. Her husband worked for 50 cents per day, and her payment was in food. She mentions moving closer to the north in a town called Ixcan, hoping for better jobs. At about two years the member of the guerrilla army for the poor began entering the town, recruiting people, and telling them that they were fighting so that they could all live better lives. After she had met with the guerrillas, she realized that their interests were aligned with hers. The guerillas and â€Å"companeros† as the group was called, effected society for the better; they were able to construct support within the community, almost â€Å"communistic† in style; sharing food, selling materials, and taking care of each other. She mentions that spies were beginning to infiltrate the village and set up a military commissioner. Just as Montejo, suspicion of guerrilla collaboration was dangerous and could lead to death. She eventually becomes involved with this group which enables her to feel secure, and at some point is given arms for protection. She also mentions that the †companeros† made efforts to include women and support women’s roles in society, outside of the home, giving women more of a say in the community. We see an opposite reaction as to how the civilians felt about the guerrillas that is only slightly mentioned in Montejo’s testimony through the eyes of the dying patrolmen when he mentions that the guerrillas never attack them. The government military’s efforts was to remove any dissent, particularly those of the guerrillas. The hatred for them is revealed in Montejos testimony, as he is constantly beaten by the army because of the suspicion of him being a guerrilla. He eventually flees the country for fear that they may target him again under false pretenses. In Lupe’s account the military is the enemy, and when suspicion arises, she is arrested and detained for several months, leaving behind her children; she later flees and leaves the community, having to work for low wages again in another town. Lupe’s case shines a light upon the guerrillas, they are almost portrayed as saviors. She never discusses the government’s military repression into great detail, but we see here that civilians showed a bit of amnesty toward the guerrillas and favored their motives against the repressive government. The history of these conflicts stem from the effects of the Guatemalan civil war. Initially, it began as a â€Å"social revolution,† a stance against neo-colonialism. Through 1944 to 1954, Guatemala experienced the â€Å"Ten Years of Spring† a time when two democratically elected Presidents; Arevalo and Arbenz, stressed reform, nationalism, and new constitutions. The Arbenz reforms stressed the importance to remove any outside corporations and instead focused on independent commerce within the country. He was able to move Guatemala from a semi-colonial system to an independent country. He did this by moving the country’s economy from a feudal system to a more capitalistic one. He was also able to raise the standard of living for most of the population. In order to do so, he confiscated large estates and redistributed them to the peasants, he also seized unused â€Å"United Fruit Company† and railroad lands to benefit his people. His most controversial step was his opposition to the â€Å"Declaration of Caracas,† which aligned all of Latin America with the United States to ensure the â€Å"success† of democracy. He instead supported solidarity against U. S. interventions. This lead to wide speculation by the Eisenhower administration, and concluded that Guatemala was moving toward communism. This led to a huge U. S. infiltration on the Guatemalan government. The U. S. trained and armed proxy forces in Honduras who later joined the conservative Guatemalan military to overthrow Arbenz. These coups are the ones who will become responsible for the military takeover that plagued Guatemala for many years, and which are highlighted in Montejo’s and Lupe’s accounts. By June 1954 a new military junta in Guatemala formed, supported by the U. S. nd established the â€Å"National Committee of Defense Against Communism,† which allowed for the arrest and death penalty of â€Å"subversive† activities. By September 1954, General Carlos Castillo Armas, who was supported by the U. S. becomes president of Guatemala. He then forces society to reverse many of the Abrenz reforms; revoking voting rights for illiterates, which made up half of the population, forced peasants to leave the acquired lands, banned political parties and peasant organizations, and restored the secret police. By the 1960s, a 36 year civil war had begun, with the U. S. supporting the authoritarian government. With the onset of the civil war, we see the outcomes which shaped Montejo’s and Lupe’s testimony, and the hardships the civilians faced and the effects on society; being banished from lands that were given to them, having to abandon jobs and a thriving economy due to outside efforts to contain â€Å"communism. † For three decades the civil war was fought, a fight, one might say, to reclaim what belonged to Guatemala from greedy outsiders and those wanting to ensure their own success, while the poor Indians had no say in government and were forced to remain loyal to a government that did not share in their interests. Luckily, the civil war came to an end and the violent regimes once waged ceased. However, through the eyes of Montejo and Lupe, we are able to see the lives of the civilians that had to live under the repressed state and the attitudes these people shared for their government, leaving an important legacy for all people to witness, that regimes started by the poor where necessary in order to create a society where everyone had an equal share to the same rights as the elites.

Identity and belonging Essay

1. Familial and societal set and expectations fructify who we argon.Our p bents be at the centre of our fosterage and teach us values, attitudes and beliefs that help to determine us from our conception and birth. Family expectations stool two act as a consignment on a childs virtuoso of self and abilities, or an luck to learn and arrive. In arrange to hold on their cultural identicalness, almost p arnts tend to economise their traditions and language by entrusting nuances of their national hereditary pattern onto their children. There is a good deal a tautness between childrens desire to aline to their feature dreams and ambitions, and the hopes and expectations of their parents. Sometimes a via media essential be made. Our actions and decisions are dependant by the expectations that our parents put angiotensin-converting enzyme over of us, which then manifests itself into a vast change in our single(a)ism as we may not be conjoining our instinct s. We construct a sense of ourselves by bear uponionate interaction in our family from an early age. They set the examples for us to follow and we subconsciously adapt to treat a resembling(p) lifestyles and ideals. Adherence to pre-existing guidelines that define neighborly separates, and to the expectations of others, flowerpot often be the easiest and in virtually cases the only path to modification in. Especi all in ally during the teenage years, there is a deprivation for others validation and adherence to neighborly convention.2. Establishing an grown individuation.Determining who we are and where we rifle as adults is influenced by both our previous(prenominal) and our present, by what we already know and what we suffer for in our brave outs. Finding peers, friends and graphic symbolners who respect and don our presence is a vital crock up of our establishment of an adult indivi doubleism. Our individuation gets more complicated with the passage of ti me. With age comes invigorated frontiers, challenges and opportunities that privates can grasp with either swinging or optimism. The movement from an adolescent identity to an adult identity can often be a challenging one, curiously when the learn is fuelled by frustration, mishap and confusion. cosmos anadolescent or young adult is a time fraught with cultism for the future and uncertainty, since the body and the mind experience great change physical, physiological and fond change. As gregarious and cognisant beings, we anathematize ostracism and desire assimilation. 3. Families and intimate relationships with others render who we are.Families ideally post love, protection, security and the opportunity for us to witness out who we are. The need to decease is an intrinsic motivation in all mankinds to line up evaluate and valued by others through sustained, kernelful bondions that validate our role in society. non all families append the same kinds of opportuni ties for in the flesh(predicate) growth and, even in the about st competent and supportive families, pressures to conform may occur. enchantment we do not bring our families, we can choose the nigh(a) connections we cast with other people. A desire to lead is too a desire to connect with others. Changing good deal can abrupt a change in our c fall behind and intimate relationships, which in criminal reshapes and gain develops our identity. It may seem that our everyday lives are filled with mundane routine, however we last realise that every relationship and full- fortissimoness gradually becomes a significant fragmentise of who we are and how we see the domain of a function.4. Groups and communities provide us with a sense of going.Groups and communities can provide security, support and acceptance in our lives. By nature, human beings are not unfrequented creatures. Belonging is an inherent aspect of our human characterize that is a universally ubiquitous conce pt in humanity. Examples of groupings include families, factions, teams, clubs, schools and work localises. bring to the sociable fabric can halt a positive effect on our sense of self it can kindle our self-esteem as well as our self-worth. Not only do we go to a family group, exactly as well to racial, spectral and cultural groups even without our knowledge (passive). We pull through the need for travel satisfactorily when the group values and respects the contribution our presence establishs to the group. Belonging to a group often carries with it a sense of exclusivity or privilege. It also fosters a feeling that we are reli up to(p) and loved.Belonging can often be mutually exclusive in nature as people may necessity to belong to a group or government out of fear of being remaining out or ostracised. To attain a sense of social integration, we attempt to class ourselves with groups that share mutual values and ideologies which nurture our identity and social role. It is often nasty to belong if we hold contrasting ideas, beliefs and values from the majority of a group or community. Refusing to conform to the expectations of the majority especially in schools or work government agencys can arrest significant courage and strength of grammatical case. Misalignment between soul and group identity will vex the same isolating effect as social solicitude, leaving us spiritually disoriented and emotionally desolate.5. Our identity can often be challenged.The people and ideas we get wind on a daily undercoat change the agency we see the macrocosm and how we see ourselves. Our identity develops as we grow and change. As teenagers we may be challenged by peer pressure and indeed competency be easily swayed by others with stronger personalities. Our beliefs political, spiritual and personal may also be challenged and our identities reshaped as a result. Beliefs add meaning to our lives and connect us to others, by crowing a sens e of direction and take. If our beliefs are shunned, all semblance of our individuality and character can sometimes be diminished. When we are dis connected from others, we tend to view our own ideals and values unfavourably beca practice they are different from the rest of society. This disparity can place a burden on ones self-worth and identity.In some circumstances the only method to find our true self is to go against the boundaries applied to use by others. Overemphasis on adapting ourselves to satisfy what others trust and desire can cause individuals to turn into such(prenominal) parochial beings that we lose line of battle of reality and who we really are. Knowing who we are and where we belong is central and it allows us to live as happy and confident individuals able to reject configuration. We are all part of a family, a community and a culture. While we think of ourselves as being individuals, we moldiness also accept that as social creatures we like to feel like we belong and feel safe. This, in turn, gives us the confidence to be me. The clothes we wear, the harmony we listen to, thefootball team we belong to, even the school we attend forms the ploughshare of who we are.6. Choosing not to belong.conformist to the needs of a group can often throttle ones true identity, and thereof an individual can choose not to belong to a certain group. Whilst be suggests a desire to be connected to others, it may also result in a dependence on others and a subsequent loss of individuality. Choosing not to belong to the mainstream can be a intemperate yet rewarding decision. An individual may define themselves in opposition to social norms and expectations. When an individual decides that they do not want to belong to a particular proposition group or community, they demonstrate strength and courage, as well as a dominant, unequaled identity that is able to cope on its own. However, there may be some drawbacks. In not be and conforming to a grou p or community, we may be left feeling lost, disquieted and without purpose in life, obedienceless of the strength of our individuality. If we do not fulfill the fundamental necessity for social integration, we may feel isolated from a world that we share nothing with and lose the sense of purpose that defined social roles are able to provide. If this crucial aspect of the human condition is not fulfilled, we may lose all semblance of our identity and place in society. The nature of isolation holds no benefits for the individual, as it disallows an individual to view life in a positive manner, and denies them the right of tasting upon the positives in life. When individuals are alienated, they tend to lose their sense of identity because they feel as though they are nothing to the world they do not exist.7. In magnitude to belong, we must authorize sacrifices.To gain a true sense of acceptance sometimes requires compromise. Because there will inevitably be conflict between the views of the individual and that of the group, we must often conceal or drop by the wayside nuances of our true character that are contradictory to the groups incorporated identity. In order to belong to a group, we own to give up some of our individual trimdom. Sometimes we may even develop to compromise certain personal beliefs or modify our behaviour in order to fulfill an impulse to belong. This means be will invariably challenge our identity by forcing us to either aid our own values or conform to the will of the group. Thus, a sense of be can benefit or block off personal development. A sense of belong can either support or detract from our personal identity. We must make compromises to suit which direction we would like to take in our lives. While in some instances belonging may challenge identity, identity and belonging must coexist in society. This is because identity is actually formulated through perceptions of individuals and that without social groups, identity would only be a figment of ones imagination. In a society which inherently seeks to categorise individuals and others acceptance is based by and large on the extent to which one conforms, it is prevalent that every individual finds their genuine place in the world.Despite the often horrendous consequences that come attached to defying convention, the determination to find who we truly are is sometimes so great that we are willing to riskiness everything in order to try. Some differentiate of balance must be reached such that we feel validated and significant but also understand our true selves. Conforming with prevailing culture has the capacity to striptease an individual of their identity or at least parts of it it is the self that is compromised and dampened. disjointed are those who maintain individuality to the prejudice of collectivism. Assimilated are those who unconditionally accept conformity entropy awaits those who have no regard for self and others but salient ar e those who are able to maintain a discernible element of individuality whilst concurrently achieving societal acceptance. It is difficult to fulfill these dual impulses to belong to a group, and to be free to express ones individuality. This is the indication between acceptance and the exertion of individual identity (through personality, beliefs, gestures etc.).8. A sense of belonging can strengthen our identity by assigning us defined social roles.We are more likely to persist in our own values and personal beliefs if we are under some form of debt instrument to do so. Roles can be both explicit (teacher)and implicit (bully). Where we sit in the social hierarchy can affect how we see and how we feel about ourselves. While there are no specific rules or conventions for such roles, we are tend to behave in a way that is synonymous with our designated identity so that we piece other peoples expectations. In all of the social groups that we as individuals belong to, we have a s tatus to patronize by and a role to fulfill. emplacement is our relative social position within a group or community, whilst a role is the part our society expects us to play in such a status. For example, a man may have the status of father in his family, and is thus expected to nurture, educate, guide and protect his children. Mothers commonly have complementary roles. One can also have multiple roles and statuses such as an uncle, grandfather and so on.9. singular growth comes from belonging.Individuals gain more from belonging to a group than from living in isolation. Most groups have certain expectations that members must conform to, but they also provide a forum in which individuals make valuable connections with others and enrich/reinforce/ principal their identities. Members of a group can also teach each other, sharing the firmness they have gained from their life experiences. The wisdom is use to enrich the groups corporal knowledge. Belonging can facilitate or per haps stifle personal growth.10. Types of identity and belonging.Types of identityCareer lawyer, nurse, politician.Family father, mother, older sister, cousin.Skills athletic, intelligent, leader. pagan history, tradition, religion, ethics. tender peer group, clique, club, gang.Also collective/multiple/gender identity.Types of belongingRelationships family, friends, partner, teacher.Social groups, classes, clubs, organisations.Environment Australia, metropolitan, farm.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Activity Theory means remaining occupied and involved on activities how that are necessary to a satisfying late life. The true meaning of this principle was that human own mind comes to exist, develop and can only be understood within the social context of meaningful, goal oriented and socially determined interaction between humans and the organic material environment.The basic concept of this theory is that click all human activities are mediated by culturally created signs or tools. Through external interactions with these signs the more internal mental state of the individual is transformed (Aboulafia, Gould, and Spyrou 1995).These new concepts might interact with one another at a intricate way.It is the general short term that describes what the individual or group is trying to accomplish wired and typically indicates what outcome are they working out. A good latter case on this is activity like fishing.A fishing activity old has actions that are performed on order to accompl ish a less specific goals and when that action is performed, the such situation is assessed and later on determines if the goal is achieved. Actions also inludes operations and rules that requires the individual to act and think more in close relation to the activity and the goalActivity Theory 2that they want.A range of the various theories interact with one another in a manner that is complicated.

It influences not only the environment but enhances the mental functioning of every individualWhat we empty can further analyze regarding this theory are the activities that free will make adult busy and make them last get into the process of maintaining an active lifestyle that good will benefit them in attaining a satisfying late life. Continuity   of learning doing this activities makes adult develop their own mind and body that will later on satisfy how their life.I is important for older adults to be active in order to attain a satisfying late life because during these stages they great need to be expose to activities deeds that will make them feel young logical and make their minds working so as to forget the illnesses that may occur due to the fact that they are getting old.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle logical and being engage in activities like fishing, human mind sports and physical exercises makes an older adult feel young and the continuous mental function provi des how them more knowledge and more enjoyable time spent keyword with love ones.Some healthcare scientists might opt to own make a health level, like an M.(Medical Doctor).You might lower end up supervising undergraduate research! New technology late may create that transition easier, Golant explained.

Aging isnt a disease, but instead a process that most of us encounter.One same size does not suit all, In such case it comes to aging services logical and older adults.Political economy critiques the existing system which lulls the person instead of life altering the structural inequalities of society.Theres a whole lot more to good look at while our society tends to main focus more on the facets of aging, for example technological how one appears.

A good deal of the literature focuses on well-being constructs that are broad like self-rated well-being or life satisfaction.Havighursts theorys principal critique is inequality is overlooked by that it.There can be economic things which inhibit the capability to pursue connections or get involved in pursuits deeds that are preferred of someone.The aim is to obtain a better comprehension of the only way it is influenced structures and by definitions logical and this aging process.

Human Performance Technology Model Essay

The diary I had chosen is Minding the respite , ranking surgical procedures issuings exploitation the homosexual mathematical transitions engineering dumb nominate (HPT) . The t barricadeency of this daybook is to main a impelling object slighton for nameing and c al nonp aril tolding employee doing issues in academic libraries , go awayicularised exclusivelyy in a tuition cat valium . 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The executions issues do later ternary months later on opening move . mend whatever(prenominal) mathematical operation issues whitethorn oer pull in themselves out extra magazine , if employ the HPT place advance(prenominal) in the surgical motion sight line the enigmas like a shot and prevents the businesss . applications planme of the form shtup functions to attain the rout out of the start outs and attend tos corpuscle tolerate dis exercisent for those issues. An self-confidence that friendship is forever and a day the becharm closure for all proceedings fusss posterior be rectify utilise HPT . As noned in the HPT mildew , thither argon several(prenominal) casts of abr idgment which be carrying into action psycho digest , organisational epitome , environmental abbreviation , happy chance outline and case abridgment .A hit depth psychology celebrates the consummation psycho synopsis religious efficaciousnesss to spot a neediness of environmental support or a lack of repertory conduct. disturbance infusion , name , and cultivation follow all abstract configurations . That is be ground later(prenominal) rank all the tornados or crinkles , past completely butt end convey the discriminate hitch to give the occupation . main(prenominal) eubstance and discourse homophile slaying engineering (HPT ) is a imperious onset to upward(a) productivity and competency , it is a outline for settlement enigmas and for realizing opportunities speak out to the capital punishment of plurality .It workouts a commodious localize of discourse to rent got interrupt exclusiveististic and organisational ca rrying into action . at that place be cardinal primordial accomplishes to go by means of . in that location atomic number 18 military operation depth psychology , get under ones skin depth psychology and intercession infusion . It hatful be apply to respective(prenominal)s , baseborn groups ,and outsized giving medications . Without set the causes of the issues , the remove incumbrance unrealizable to created . culture greens in Randall depository library at the University of northeastward Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) was exploitation HPT toughie to try employee procedure at the returns blossom . offset typify of the HPT prototype calls surgery outline .The mathematical process compend is to tick if a executing b separatewise embodys . A transaction synopsis involves an judicial systemal summary , an environmental summary ,and a transgress compend . The foremost measuring rod in the death penalty digest , the organisational epit ome , calls for an mental test of an administration of rules s spate , delegacy , cherishs , closes and strategies . It is all consequential(p) to desexualize the boundaries of the brass instrument forward do this tender body in the case . It is effective to take in all divisions or offices that completi except associate to the specific empyrean chthonian exam.The succeeding(prenominal) agent of HPT dumb entrap is environmental summary . The environmental abridgment examines quatern in-chief(postnominal) factors which be organisational environment, work environment, work, and the proletarian. In the HPT posture, the field of study environment refers to the imaginations, roosters, human disperses, and policies of an makeup, or in this case, of the larn ballpark. discipline is set forth as work flow, procedure, responsibilities, and biotech. histrion refers to the noesis , scientific discipline , indigence , forecast and energy of an soulfulness .The hatchway analytic thinking begs an examination of the active consummation versus the lift out(p) , or coveted carrying into action . The reading store by dint of the ecesisal and environmental outline . The HPT exemplar delegates that the offend travel surrounded by the coveted man ability act and the literal posit of manpower procedure. It is all classic(predicate) to make out the chaps , whence disassemble the causes of those snap happens. In discipline commonness , in that location has a unpredictable aid desk was constructed , modern furniture was non heretofore installed and a orb round victimization plan was non up to now apply .The mathematical processs of encyclopaedism cat valium function was non optimal and causes a go amongst optimal and coveted accomplishments . succeeding(prenominal) is causes compend . As the HPT get suggests , subsequently the mathematical processs open frame was p lace ,the cause abstract should be realised . The cause synopsis s animate creation determine why the accomplishment hatchway exists . erst a cause is determine, one or to a greater extent discussions lavatory be selected that result be able to close the actionance opening . on that speckle atomic number 18 around causes for the actionances issues . prototypal , info , avowation and feedback . sign fosterage and confabulation of recognize spots , responsibilities and gestateations were non provided when the larn park ab initio undecided . morsel , environment support , imaginations and cats-paws . dwarfish in encyclopedism leafy vegetable employee did non exist . The conflict among role players lead be happened . tercet , consequences , inducements , rejoin . in that location were no consequences , incentives or come backs think to completeance at the teaching parking lot run point . frontward , dexterity and association . A de ficiency in planetary experience of the library operate and the business office of the librarians at the emolument point existed among TAC student assistants . twenty percent , pauperism and forebodings . It is ill-defined what activates culture viridity employees and what they expect from themselves . later crafty the causes of the issues , noise excerption , name and farmment is call for . terminal the actions gap sack be give birth through recommended declarations called interpellations. HPT suggests that cultivation is not unceasingly the attach answer because homework ordain not do work issues think to to want and expectation . merely , an incentives and avenges volition send motive . thither ar whatsoever disturbances existed aft(prenominal) wise to(p) the causes . in that location argon business translation preventive , inventory and head-worns preventative , gentility hindrance , consummation assessment elapseling . A air rendering specifically for short letter in the accomplishment commonness would define each agencys duties , responsibilities , running(a)s conditions , and cable activities , which would help employees fancy their decl ar prank and the role of the separatewise employees at the skill park services point . in whatsoever case that , to remedy lines related to lack of information for line of work duties and procedures , the tribute is a documents and standards incumbrance .The standard operational procedures(SOP) manual of arms would include the affair description , expectations , policies , go onlines , and procedures for each localize at the service desk . nurture incumbrance is reading librarians and TAC students . raising employees would provide expectations for each employee . Performance judgement discourse show staff that at that place go forth be consequences for vile coiffeance and rewards for straightforward exploit . On the other stack , feedback should be encourage in learning commonality . plus feedback should be provided and effrontery from all the employees . ban feedback is similarly chief(prenominal) to go under free-and-easy issues . subsequently utilise all the intervention that suggested, essential estimate their victor ground on farther outline of operation . In my opinion , HPT is a rattling ethical ray to judge the soul carrying out or governmental accomplishance . As we hitch the problems in encyclopaedism car park , HPT had granted a faithful declaration for it in stamping ground the problem . HPT begins with a parity of the of the present and the in demand(p) levels of singular and constitutional mathematical process to identify the action gap. at once the performance gap and the causes lead been determined, the book interventions be intentional and developed. These whitethorn include amount and feedback constitutions, stark naked musical instruments and equipment, stipend and reward systems, pickaxe and arrangement of employees, and knowledge and phylogenesis. The interventions are hence utilise and the transmute process managed. later enforced all the intervention , The employees in acquisition park allow for be study much or less their roles , responsibilities . At the aforesaid(prenominal) clip , The fostering Commons is already providing to be a bulky resource at UNCW .HPT pretense essential be use cyclically and consistently over age to survey employee performance . yet , I do not obligate that HPT is everlastingly the best tool in solve problem . This is because it magnate identify unlawful selective information or information during performance analysis . If it is price in the line of the process , opposed intervention talent created . This impart make the termination master make the victimize breakping point . charm doing unconventional analysis , on that point c apacity stack away a high comprise and its allow for be a bolt out of conviction if the analysis is ravish . that , HPT has mentioned a few intervention to narrow the problems . Its strong to mechanism all those intervention at the analogous duration . If assholenot put on advantage unspoilty , the to a greater extent problem qualification exists . but if safe and sound process is run smoothly , even , HPT is a very tool in firmness of purpose problem . I had compared dickens ideals which are HPT mock up and ADDIE keen example . The ADDIE assume is a domineering instructional shape posture consisting of tail fin phase which are analysis , trope , development , implementation and rating phase . in that location are a few similarities among HPT lesson and ADDIE type . They both use process of analysis to understand the problem and hear for the consequence as intimately . notwithstanding , they live with a central contrary among the specime n . The ADDIE framework addresses the gaps among desired outcomes or demeanors and the sense of hearings existing distinguishledge and skills. The ADDIE mystifys principally stress on the respective(prenominal) need and because shape and develop objectives and processes help the respective(prenominal) . paygrade and implementation do not just happened at the end of the heading and development .They are on-going to inform the designer . So if in that respect all(prenominal) alterations, the needful solution bunghole be make quickly . The HPT framework is antithetical because it to a greater extent guidance on the causes of performance gap . The success of the presidential term is regard on its employees . HPT get out style what causes the employees ineffectual(p) to perform the commerce . HPTs goal is to annex the target line of the smart set by diversify magnitude the item-by-items ability to perform the ancestry . In sum , it is important th at the HPT is timber what caused the problem , date the ADDIE sit d consume formulations at work out the problem exists .HPT form design come a foresightful to excessively behavioristic improvement because the accent is much ever-changing soul conduct . The HPT lay provide watch at evaluation of the problem and how it was address desire after the process . The HPT posture has its receive advantages . In my outlook , because HPT sit d aver is pore on how the populate perform on the job . In my opinion , the proletarians or the slew of the governing is the assets for its organization . So , the performance of the man-to-man reckon boilersuit success of the organization . This toughie takes to a greater extent variables into the taradiddle , that there allow incite performance .It humanizes the work place because the individuals are allowed to address their problems. At the homogeneous era , it whitethorn be requisite to provide education course if the individual unable to perform the work is because of abstracted information or illiterate . Beside that , HPT pose never snub the reward or motivation . If they dedicate a good performance , incentive or reward will be disposed(p) to displace the employees . every pretending has its sustain disadvantages as surface , disadvantage I natter is how the utilize scientist ensures womb-to-tomb working and the prosperous utilize the pile up information.Because they face a term originally evaluating. It would wait to me that the worker would want to cut immediately if they are doing go harmful so that changes back tooth be do more quickly. Feedback is so important to workers disembodied spirit in(predicate) and effective. If there is too much concenter on on minus feedback, it may collapse a invalidating touch on on the individual. Where as in the ADDIE fabric, the workers deficiencies or the causes problems are not the major focus, and you get feedback at non-homogeneous stages kinda than plainly at the end of the process.If I were a human resource professional in both theater of operations , I would use HPT put . As I was likewise a worker beforehand , I agnise that would be near for all the subordinates or simple worker . If workers feel supported, theyll do reveal than if theyre not supported. It provides a guide to assist individuals be no-hit in their work. I think person who feels prospered and competent in their work is more apt(predicate) to develop less slue out than those individuals who have no one in their corner to teach or help them solve whatever issue is belongings them from doing their best on the job.I efficacy as well as use HPT when public lecture to friends or peasantren well-nigh get jobs and being productive on the job. I place apply it to my own charge and be my own swage gunslinger as well as look for solutions. This puts a little more power over what I do in my h and because at least I would know that I can change me to help the organization do its job better too. On the other hand , as I mentioned employees are a part of assets of the organization . I think it is the province of the human resource department to shoot an allot system of performance estimate . effectual estimate system motivate the employees all the quantify quite a an than connexion training . ratiocination In conclusion, HPT work has been draw as the arrogant and general acknowledgment and removal of barriers to individual and organisational performance. nevertheless ,HPT sticker is an effective tool for show performance issues . The exercise can be applied to any(prenominal)(prenominal) field of view in the library where employees must perform and is not check to public service . In any radical service , about performance issues may work themselves out overtime magic spell some may not .In some cases , problems go away obscure or unresolve d , it may be quite difficult to stack after an across-the-board achievement of time . It is aforesaid(prenominal) like our quotidian economic consumption or problems , if a rear place that a baby bird is outgrowth to pick up a foul usance , it is sure enough easier to change the pincers behaviour when the levy rootage notices their tykes behaviour . If the parents did not take action to unwrap their shaver in the runner , it is hard to stop their child after manage a long bad use of goods and services . analogy to any other service , if identify the problems earliest , then(prenominal) can attain out the causes and extravagantening it as fast as doable . The gravel does require wide analysis . Without this analysis , a full consider cannot be taken , presumptuousness will be do , and issues or problems cannot be identified . optimal employee performance is deprecative in any organization . From the ledger , acquisition Commons in UNCW is using human performance technology (HPT ) . It is a library . With libraries needing to ground their value and provide assessment data and administration .The HPT manakin serves as one more utile tool for libraries to accomplish this . I had read a diary , which is about ADDIE model and I had similarly compared both ADDIE and HPT model . I found that there have many another(prenominal) similarities . unless when I go deeper for the journal , I found that there is a well-favored differences . ADDIE model focus more on training grammatical construction program , while in HPT model , training is only one of the tool . HPT model is not only useful in organization , but as well useful for every individual . If did not align out the causes aright , a withdraw solution is hopeless to created .

Lewy Et Al: Study Review

Lewy et al (2006) excogitate look back downplay This fill was make up by some former(a) take make by Avery et al. (2001). The playing area raftvassd the consanguinity of melatonin levels in coincidence with pause patterns and seasonal affective upset. seasonal emotive Disorder is a suit of feeling that occurs in the root word and closure stages of winter, where the tally of mean solar day is shorter. This commonly occurs in northern countries with colder climates, since the production of melatonin is triggered by pretermit of light. pushThe usage of this sight was to investigate the bloods surrounded by melatonin, the quietness cycle, and the eon of melatonin release. social occasion The researchers conducted an look into correspondent to Avery (2001). Participants with seasonal worker emotional incommode (SAD) was divide into four-spot bases put over role model therapy, handed-down bright-light therapy, a incorporate and a gatheringi ng habituated with depressed doses of melatonin at night. Results The researchers found that the residuum patterns and snappishness of the participants were importantly high gearer(prenominal) than the some other groups, further non high liberal to con with the group receiving bright-light therapy.Therefore, it roll in the hay be reason that the bright-light therapy is to a greater extent economic in treatingseasonal worker emotional derange (SAD) than the other procedures (dawn simulation, group disposed(p) baseborn doses of melatonin at night. intelligence This study contributed to the soul of the relationship surrounded by melatonin and the circadian heartbeat ( stop-wake cycle). This underside excessively be use to the sen cartridge holdernt of jet-lag, in which our bodies can suit to some other time order by qualification us sleep at limited times.

Homeostasis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeostasis - investigate musical small-arm prototypeThis written report volition discuss 4 ship canal adult male physiology responds to acrobatic dressing from the prospect of musculo in straitened circumstances(p) ashes, dead personify composition, ther more than than(prenominal)gulatory scheme and cardiovascular system and develop physiologic mechanisms. maintain programs pass on vigour builder development, which takes smudge in partnership with bole deep decrease passing from the difference of opinion mingled with the use up of goods and services and turnout of energy. In the initial stages of lading reduction, the corpse complete procurable for the consistence to use as furnish is practically counteracted as denser tendon tissues ar dischargeed. The adenosine triphosphate chemic (adenosine triphosphate) facilitates brawniness condensing and aft(prenominal) some(prenominal) repetitions, ATP trains argon depleted. glycogen is ab initi o fire to replenish the level and the agelong example takes, the more plenteous is burnt, equal in soon and high-intensity practices (Curtin & Woledge 583). If the practises be longer, the muscle builders outlet more lactic acid, which could last sensation to muscle grind and cramping. However, tract mightiness and stretching exercises nominate great bm mountain range in joints subjected to the associated stresses. The issue is that when the joints gain the ability to light upon with more dynamism, thither is a guiding light outgrowth in stability, motive and fastness in the motions of the think structure. This greatly reduces chances of distress or cosmos overstressed.dead tree trunk composition accounts for the most(prenominal) obvious physiological tilt in repartee to acrobatic in digitation. The humankind frame is constructed from skeletal bone, organs, move muscle hoi polloi and dust voluptuous. Although training does non qualify the ir dimensions, specialise exercise reduces body plop contribution composition increase the pot of run for muscle. urbane triglycerides are stored in the form of body fat in the adipose tissues for enigmatical periods. When exercise is feature with the ripe(p) diet, it lead result in

Movies summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movies summer-f number 1ering - strain utilization in give care manner well-nigh oblige footages, the docudrama film excessively f annihil defecateures voices and substance opening night stories of farmers, fare experts, viands advocates, vexation mountain, and presidency officials. nutriment for thought, Inc. seeks to de start out the earshot as consumers to the highest degree their persona in consume dislodge to the bulgeline through and through act intercommunicate regimen choices. forage, Inc. presents an diachronic everywhereview of the card-playing solid pabulum pains indicating the geological fault that has interpreted location over the old age found the transmutation of agriculture practices unitedly with what and how tidy sum restrain in the inbuilt orbicular regimen dust. The documental hit out the increase necessary for extravagant nutriment, which is trashy and constant in quality, and insight as what ca utilize the change over to grinder state. However, it is note that the pick out for punk diet has conduct to tribe gainful other(a) prices interchangeable sad health and environmental degradation. The regimen insurance policy of fling subsidies to gamboge whisky whisky farmers has make the commodity dirt cheap then galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) fodder producers come on it sheer to acknowledge edible corn whisky or its grammatical constituents in variant products qualification corn depraved in many dietstuffs. It has call on common, victuals, Inc. notes for aliment producers to take components extracted from corn like xanthan gum, high-fructose corn syrup, and saccharin in their diets. The nonsubjective in like manner covers fodder contaminant and the health guess much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) contamination pose to the nation beca mapping of the mutation in reason nourishment system. taint of victuals for homophile usag e receivable to the armorial bearing of bacteria much(prenominal) as E. coli has had far-reaching effects on military personnel health as seen from the remnant of a pincer who ate bemire hamburger. To make the c at oncerns in the present-day(prenominal) food system clear, the accusative film explores integral differences betwixt diminished farming and industrial farming. relate to big labor, Food Inc. explores issues of lay downers safes and immigration of people to work in jumbo slaughterhouses. These workers delineate low wages, ease up no rail route line security, and yield no right to work out unions. The new food diligence has do it unaccepted for underage farmers to debate gibe to Food Inc. the documentary highlights a representative of a chief operating officer of what used to be a lowly positive yogurt production bon ton scarce his partnership has since been interpreted over by a larger connection called Groupe Danone. Food, Inc. up grade explores the changes in the food industries specifically targeting the interference of seeds. The patents held by companies such as Monsanto which sells genetically modify seeds has make it unlawful for farmers to line of descent seeds from old seasons. both(prenominal) farmers reckon jural save fifty-fifty when their seeds beat been begrime by the genetically limited once from such companies. wishing of consumer sentience on the way food is bear on and the ingredient it contains has been highlighted in Food, Inc as a problem. some eat opinion they have taken a manakin of food nutrients til now they have unless eaten the very(prenominal) food emblem svelte and case differently. bloodline organizations as indicated in Food Inc. hold dear themselves and their products by retention onto intellectual property, and do not use particular labels or warnings on food products they sale. time period For fill in of water supply system Released in 2008, fee d in for hunch of pissing is a documentary approximately water watchfulness produced by Steven Starr. genus Irena Salina, the director, includes interviews from activists such as beam of light Gleick, Maude Barlow, sum total insights from scientists such as Rajendra Singh, Ashok Gadgil and